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EXCELLENCY OF POLAND
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central
Europe. Poland can also be considered part of Eastern Europe.
Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and
Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic
Sea, Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north.
The total area of Poland is 312,679 km² (120,728 sq mi), making it the
69th largest country in the world and 5th in Europe. Poland's
population is over 38.5 million people, concentrated mainly in urban
areas
Poland is the 33rd most populous country in the world. Poland is a
unitary state made up of sixteen voivodeships.
Poland is also a member of the European Union, NATO and OECD.
Poland’s territory extends across five geographical regions. In the
northwest is the Baltic seacoast, which extends from the Bay of
Pomerania to the Gulf of Gdansk. This coast is marked by several
spits, coastal lakes (former bays that have been cut off from the sea),
and dunes. The largely straight coastline is indented by the Szczecin
Lagoon, the Bay of Puck, and the Vistula Lagoon. The centre and
parts of the north lie within the Northern European Lowlands. Rising
gently above these lowlands is a geographical region comprising the
four hilly districts of moraines and moraine-dammed lakes formed
during and after the Pleistocene ice age. These lake districts are the
Pomeranian Lake District, the Greater Polish Lake District, the
Kashubian Lake District, and the Masurian Lake District. The
Masurian Lake District is the largest of the four and covers much of
northeastern Poland. The lake districts form part of the Baltic Ridge, a
series of moraine belts along the southern shore of the Baltic Sea.
South of the Northern European Lowlands lie the regions of Silesia
and Masovia, which are marked by broad ice-age river valleys. Farther
south lies the Polish mountain region, including the Sudetes, the
Cracow-Częstochowa Upland, the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, and the
Carpathian Mountains, including the Beskids. The highest part of the
Carpathians is the Tatra Mountains, along Poland’s southern border.
The geological structure of Poland has been shaped by the continental
collision of Europe and Africa over the past 60 million years, on the
one hand, and the Quaternary glaciations of northern Europe, on the
other. Both processes shaped the Sudetes and the Carpathians. The
moraine landscape of northern Poland contains soils made up mostly
of sand or loam, while the ice-age river valleys of the south often
contain loess. The Cracow-Częstochowa Upland, the Pieniny, and the
Western Tatras consist of limestone, while the High Tatras, the
Beskids, and the Karkonosze are made up mainly of granite and
basalts. The Kraków-Częstochowa Upland is one of the oldest
mountain ranges on earth.
Capital (and largest city)
|
Warsaw 52°13′N, 21°02′E
|
Official languages
|
Polish²
|
Demonym
|
Pole
|
Government
President Prime Minister
|
Parliamentary republic
Lech Kaczyński Donald Tusk
|
Formation Founded
Declared
Finalised
|
14 April 966
11 November 1918
01 May 2004
|
Area Total
Water (%)
|
312,679 km² (69th³) 120,728 sq mi 3.07
|
Population 2006 estimate
2002 census
Density
|
38,518,241 (33rd)
38,530,080
122/km² (83rd) 319.9/sq mi
|
GDP (PPP) Total
Per capita
|
2007 estimate $631.8 billion (IMF) (24)
$16,599 (IMF) (52)
|
GDP (nominal) Total
Per capita
|
2007 estimate $631.8 billion (IMF) (24)
$16,599 (IMF) (52)
|
HDI (2004)
|
0.862 Expression error: Unrecognised word "expression"(37th)
|
Currency
|
Złoty (PLN)
|
Time zone Summer (DST)
|
CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2)
|
Internet TLD
|
pl5
|
|
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